Ціннісна навантаженість наукового пізнання як етична проблема
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Date
2012
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Дніпропетровський національний університет імені Олеся Гончара
Abstract
Сучасне розуміння одного з ключових ідеалів класичної науки – ціннісної нейтральності – дозволяє по-новому підійти до етичних питань, пов’язаних з неупередженістю дослідників та автономією науки. На зміну класичному ідеалу ціннісної нейтральності приходить необхідність рефлексії над ціннісними настановами, які неминуче присутні в дослідженні. У відношеннях науки і суспільства стає необхідним пошук оптимального балансу між автономією науки і її залежністю від інших суспільних інституцій.
Contemporary approach to the value neutrality as one of the main ideals of classical science deals with ethical problems of unbiased research and the autonomy of science in a new way. In the science of classical period there was a principle which demanded the elimination of all value-laden statement from scientific inquiries. The goal of this principle was to obtain quite objective knowledge. But classical ideals of objectivity and neutrality were reinterpreted in the contemporary philosophy of science. It became evident that in scientific researches the social context was inevitably present. Not only viewpoint of a particular scientist, but viewpoint of all scientific community is value-laden. But neutrality remains among the important moral requirements to scientists, because science has to be an important means to achieve unbiased approach to controversial problems. The objectivity continues to be one of the main methodological principles of scientific inquiry. So nowadays the ideal of objectivity is described not in a way of elimination of the social context influence, but rather is associated with a reflection on internal and external values that are present in scientific researches. The other important change is the transformation of the approach to the autonomy of science. In the period of classical science the ideal of an absolute autonomy of science was widespread among scientists. Influence of other social institutions, such as politics and religion was strongly disapproved. But in the contemporary science this ideal needs to be revised. Today scientific researches have a huge impact on society, and this impact can lead not only to positive effects, as it was held in classical science, but also to threats. It leads to the necessity of a moral evaluation of researches. Moreover, while in the classical science the moral evaluation concerned only the effects of researches but not the process of research itself, in the contemporary science the wide range of researches need to be subject of ethical expertise before they can be fulfilled. But there is a problem concerning the limit, where regulation of science becomes harmful. So the search for the optimal balance between the autonomy of science and its dependence on other public institutions remains a challenge.
Современное понимание одного из ключевых идеалов классической науки – ценностной нейтральности – позволяет по-новому подойти к этическим вопросам, которые связаны с непредвзятостью исследователей и автономией науки. На смену классическому идеалу ценностной нейтральности приходит необходимость рефлексии над ценностными установками которые непременно присутствуют в исследовании. В отношениях науки и общества необходим, поиск оптимального баланса между автономией науки и ее зависимостью от других социальных институтов.
Contemporary approach to the value neutrality as one of the main ideals of classical science deals with ethical problems of unbiased research and the autonomy of science in a new way. In the science of classical period there was a principle which demanded the elimination of all value-laden statement from scientific inquiries. The goal of this principle was to obtain quite objective knowledge. But classical ideals of objectivity and neutrality were reinterpreted in the contemporary philosophy of science. It became evident that in scientific researches the social context was inevitably present. Not only viewpoint of a particular scientist, but viewpoint of all scientific community is value-laden. But neutrality remains among the important moral requirements to scientists, because science has to be an important means to achieve unbiased approach to controversial problems. The objectivity continues to be one of the main methodological principles of scientific inquiry. So nowadays the ideal of objectivity is described not in a way of elimination of the social context influence, but rather is associated with a reflection on internal and external values that are present in scientific researches. The other important change is the transformation of the approach to the autonomy of science. In the period of classical science the ideal of an absolute autonomy of science was widespread among scientists. Influence of other social institutions, such as politics and religion was strongly disapproved. But in the contemporary science this ideal needs to be revised. Today scientific researches have a huge impact on society, and this impact can lead not only to positive effects, as it was held in classical science, but also to threats. It leads to the necessity of a moral evaluation of researches. Moreover, while in the classical science the moral evaluation concerned only the effects of researches but not the process of research itself, in the contemporary science the wide range of researches need to be subject of ethical expertise before they can be fulfilled. But there is a problem concerning the limit, where regulation of science becomes harmful. So the search for the optimal balance between the autonomy of science and its dependence on other public institutions remains a challenge.
Современное понимание одного из ключевых идеалов классической науки – ценностной нейтральности – позволяет по-новому подойти к этическим вопросам, которые связаны с непредвзятостью исследователей и автономией науки. На смену классическому идеалу ценностной нейтральности приходит необходимость рефлексии над ценностными установками которые непременно присутствуют в исследовании. В отношениях науки и общества необходим, поиск оптимального баланса между автономией науки и ее зависимостью от других социальных институтов.
Description
Keywords
ціннісна навантаженість досліджень, об’єктивність, автономія науки, value-laden of research, objectivity, autonomy of science
Citation
Кругляк М.І. Ціннісна навантаженість наукового пізнання як етична проблема / М.І. Кругляк // Філософія і політологія в контексті сучасної культури: науковий журнал / Гол. ред. проф. О.С. Токовенко. – Дніпропетровськ.: Дніпропетровський національний університет імені Олеся Гончара, 2012. – Вип. 4 (2). – С. 38-43.