Трудові ресурси Криму і процес будівництва Північно-Кримського каналу в 1951–1954 рр.
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Date
2016
Journal Title
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Publisher
Чорноморський державний університет імені Петра Могили
Abstract
Метою статті є дослідження трудових ресурсів Криму у 1950–1953 рр. і потенційних можливостей їх використання у процесі будівництва Північно-Кримського каналу і господарського освоєння територій півночі Кримського півострова. На основі архівних матеріалів автор досліджує чисельність працездатного населення в сільській місцевості та у містах Криму, чисельність працівників, зокрема, у будівельно-монтажній галузі. Також автор аналізує потреби в трудових ресурсах для будівництва Південно-Українського і Північно-Кримського каналів. Автор статті робить висновок, що трудові ресурси Криму у період будівництва Південно-Українського і Північно-Кримського каналів були не численними і господарства півострова перебували, здебільшого, у депресивному стані. Тому будівництво на території Криму відбувалося надзвичайно низькими темпами.
Автор статті робить висновок, що трудові ресурси Криму у період будівництва Південно-Українського і Північно-Кримського каналів були не численними і господарства півострова перебували, здебільшого, у депресивному стані. Тому будівництво на території Криму відбувалося надзвичайно низькими темпами. Подальше дослідження проблематики мобілізації й експлуатації трудових ресурсів Криму у пізньосталінський період дає змогу для більш повної оцінки внеску України у соціально-економічний розвиток Криму.
The goal of the current research is the analysis of the workforce of the Crimea during the years of 1950–1953 and the potential possibilities of its use in the process of building the Northern-Crimean channel and the economic development of the territory in the North of the peninsula. On the basis of archival materials, the author analyzed the quantity of the working population in the urban and rural areas of the Crimea as well as the quantity of workers involved in the construction and installation industry. The author also analyzed the need for the particular quantity of the workforce required for building South-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimea channels. The author has come to a conclusion that the workforce of the Crimea was not numerous during the period of building of Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean Channels and the households of the peninsula were in most cases in a depressive state. That is the reason why the construction works on the Crimea territory were being done in a very slow pace. The goal of the current research is the analysis of the workforce of the Crimea during the years of 1950–1953 and the potential possibilities of its use in the process of building the Northern-Crimean channel and the economic development of the territory in the North of the peninsula. Their quantity, as mentioned by the head of the main office of «Ukrvodstroj» of the USSR Ministry of Cotton, according to the preliminary evaluations, at least 60–80 thousand people were supposed to participate in the building of the channel. Out of the before mentioned number, 5 thousand people were the engineers. On the areas of the Crimea, where the Northern-Crimea channel was supposed to be built, there was not many people living in the collective farms and due to that reason, there was no possibility to gather the enough number of workers for the large-scale construction works. It is also worth taking into the consideration the fact that per one working person in the collective farms there was one or more not working person, in particular per one household there was more than one not working person. Speaking about the whole population of the Crimea, the statistical data for the year 1954 were not accurate, and, according to the instructions of the statistical management of USSR Gosplan, they cannot be used for the economical calculations. However, according to these calculations, the urban population was centered in a couple of cities, i.e. Simferopol, Yalta, Feodosia, Kerch and Yevpatoria. Moreover, the increase in the areas of residential and industrial constructions took place annually, but the number of workers involved in construction and installation industry was shortening since 1951. So, it is worth considering the fact that all these workers were employed not for the building of the Northern-Crimea channel, but for other objects. Implementing the full-scale deployment of construction of the Northern-Crimea channel was not fulfilled until the years of 1950–1953. The main target of the article is the mobilization potential of the workforce on the Crimea territory at the time of building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean Channels. On the basis of the data collected from the archival materials the analysis of the means required for the construction works for the building of building of the South-ern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean Channels has been made as well as the analysis of the quantity and the quality of the Crimea workforce and the way it was applied. The analysis of this question gives the possibility to understand the actual possibilities for the implementation of large-scale construction projects on the territory of the Crimea in the late Stalinist period and the contribution of Ukraine into the development of the regions of the Crimea where the building of channels took place. The further research of the problematic mobilization and the exploitation of the workforce of the Crimea in the late Stalinist period gave the possibility to evaluate the contribution of Ukraine into the social-economic development of the Crimea.
The goal of the current research is the analysis of the workforce of the Crimea during the years of 1950–1953 and the potential possibilities of its use in the process of building the Northern-Crimean channel and the economic development of the territory in the North of the peninsula. On the basis of archival materials, the author analyzed the quantity of the working population in the urban and rural areas of the Crimea as well as the quantity of workers involved in the construction and installation industry. The author also analyzed the need for the particular quantity of the workforce required for building South-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimea channels. The author has come to a conclusion that the workforce of the Crimea was not numerous during the period of building of Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean Channels and the households of the peninsula were in most cases in a depressive state. That is the reason why the construction works on the Crimea territory were being done in a very slow pace. The goal of the current research is the analysis of the workforce of the Crimea during the years of 1950–1953 and the potential possibilities of its use in the process of building the Northern-Crimean channel and the economic development of the territory in the North of the peninsula. Their quantity, as mentioned by the head of the main office of «Ukrvodstroj» of the USSR Ministry of Cotton, according to the preliminary evaluations, at least 60–80 thousand people were supposed to participate in the building of the channel. Out of the before mentioned number, 5 thousand people were the engineers. On the areas of the Crimea, where the Northern-Crimea channel was supposed to be built, there was not many people living in the collective farms and due to that reason, there was no possibility to gather the enough number of workers for the large-scale construction works. It is also worth taking into the consideration the fact that per one working person in the collective farms there was one or more not working person, in particular per one household there was more than one not working person. Speaking about the whole population of the Crimea, the statistical data for the year 1954 were not accurate, and, according to the instructions of the statistical management of USSR Gosplan, they cannot be used for the economical calculations. However, according to these calculations, the urban population was centered in a couple of cities, i.e. Simferopol, Yalta, Feodosia, Kerch and Yevpatoria. Moreover, the increase in the areas of residential and industrial constructions took place annually, but the number of workers involved in construction and installation industry was shortening since 1951. So, it is worth considering the fact that all these workers were employed not for the building of the Northern-Crimea channel, but for other objects. Implementing the full-scale deployment of construction of the Northern-Crimea channel was not fulfilled until the years of 1950–1953. The main target of the article is the mobilization potential of the workforce on the Crimea territory at the time of building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean Channels. On the basis of the data collected from the archival materials the analysis of the means required for the construction works for the building of building of the South-ern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean Channels has been made as well as the analysis of the quantity and the quality of the Crimea workforce and the way it was applied. The analysis of this question gives the possibility to understand the actual possibilities for the implementation of large-scale construction projects on the territory of the Crimea in the late Stalinist period and the contribution of Ukraine into the development of the regions of the Crimea where the building of channels took place. The further research of the problematic mobilization and the exploitation of the workforce of the Crimea in the late Stalinist period gave the possibility to evaluate the contribution of Ukraine into the social-economic development of the Crimea.
Description
Keywords
будівництво Південно-Українського і Північно-Кримського каналів, інженерно-технічні працівники, «Укрводбуд», Статистичне Управління Кримської області, construction of the South-Ukrainian and the North-Crimean channels, engineers and technical workers, «Ukrvodstroj», Statistical Office of the Crimean region
Citation
Сацький П. В. Трудові ресурси Криму і процес будівництва Північно-Кримського каналу в 1951–1954 рр. / П. В. Сацький // Історичний архів. Наукові студії : зб. наук пр. / М-во освіти і науки України, Чорномор. держ. ун-т ім. П. Могили, Ін-т укр. археографії та джерелознавства ім. М. С. Грушевського НАН України ; [редкол.: Є. Г. Сінкевич (голов. ред.) та ін.]. – Миколаїв : Вид-во ЧДУ ім. Петра Могили, 2016. – Вип. 17. – С. 14–21.