№ 5
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Browsing № 5 by Title
Now showing 1 - 12 of 12
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Аксиологічна цінність університетської освіти в Україні(ДВНЗ «Київський національний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана», 2016) Давидов, Павло; Davydov, Pavlo; Давыдов, ПавелA modern role and the mission of the university in the context of the requirements of world, European and national standardized documents are investigated in this article and that is exactly axiological essence of university education. The role of the state educational policy in the formation and the changes of the axiological aspects of the educational sector due to its integration into world educational space is considered. The subject is also the changes of individual’s values at the time of studying at the university. The modifications of valuable orientations of modern youth, the society, the state and the role of university education in their formation, as well as the place of education in value goals of the society are analyzed. Some results are obtained. The mission of the University is regarded. Its basic features and requirements for its educational activities in the European, national legal and regulatory framework are defined. Functional and valuable features of university education are determined. The role of the state education policy as a factor of a social, axiological and value control of educational activity is shown. The need to strengthen the autonomy of the university in the context of globalization is observed. Positive and negative factors in public policy affecting value changes in relation to higher education and the university in particular, the reasons of a valuable inversion in the society and personal goals are estimated. The main tasks directed to improving of educational activity of the university, rising of the prestige of university education are stated and as a consequence of it the growth of its value in the eyes of the individuals, society and state is defined.Item К вопросу об эвристическом значении метода аналогии(ДВНЗ «Київський національний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана», 2016) Женжера, Сергей; Zhenzhera, Sergey; Женжера, СергійThe article is devoted to methodological and heuristic value of the method of analogy. The author emphasizes its basic nature to any other method of learning. Examples of complex analogies between the phenomena and processes of different types are drawn. In the second part of the article on the basis of analogy with the human senses it is attempted to broaden the context of epistemological discourse. The analogy method is discussed in logical, epistemological, ontological aspects. Although the methodological aspect is still considered as the principal one, and is determined by the main purpose of the study. Basic analogies in the description of the cognitive process are divided into those, which are used in philosophical and scientific worldview, and those closer to philosophical and religious. The first is the vision, the view from the outside. The second comprises hearing, touch, smell, taste, involving direct contact with the object of knowledge, dive into it, convergence, etc. We consider separately the role of practice in the process of cognitive activity. It is emphasized that it rather refers to the analogies of the direct contact and manipulation with the object. Analogy is drawn between the Soviet understanding of the role of practice in learning and religious texts of the Old Testament This article analyzes some of the views of George Berkeley, Francis Bacon, Ibn Sina, Anton Kartashev. The author draws on studies of representatives of domestic philosophical school: academic Anatoly E. Conversky, professors Irina S. Dobronravova, Denis E. Prokopov. General conclusions: (1) the analogy method is a method of making possible the mechanism of application of any other method that makes it a base to build any methodology, but thereby causes its fundamental inaccuracy, imagery, randomness, dependent on the preferences of the author conducting the analogy of one type and not noticing others; (2) European epistemology which followed Greek philosophy actively used visual analogy to refer to the cognitive process; (3) the application of the other four analogies to the senses (in syncretic form present in the ancient Hebrew tradition) significantly transformed the usual concepts and expanded the context of the epistemological discourse.Item Космополітична/національна ідентичність у контексті глобалізованої сучасності(ДВНЗ «Київський національний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана», 2016) Саракун, Лариса; Sarakun, LarysaIn this paper, the theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of cosmopolitanism that unconsciously present in different areas of public life is performed. As a kind of cosmopolitanism outlook is predominantly negative stress, rejected the idea because the existence of mankind as a multicultural and multinational integrity. Today, with gradually erased boundaries between countries, the concepts of “citizenship” and “state” are reinterpreted. Question of cosmopolitanism that is based on the idea of forming a “world citizenship” acquires a new relevance. Distribution of cosmopolitan ideas is associated with updating processes of integration and globalization, strengthening of the role of transnational corporations in the world. Globalization artificially homogenized society, leveling the variety of individual national cultures. That's why there was a need to study the problems of national and cosmopolitan identity, their development prospects in the context of globalized modernity. In the article the principles of cooperation between cosmopolitan and national identity are examined. Cosmopolitanism is focused on the world and finds the love of Nations as obstacle to recognition of freedom and equality for all. In our view, compliance with cosmopolitan position does not mean abdication of national identity, but rather adding to it a cosmopolitan reservoir. Actively supporting the principles of freedom and equality for all, national identity would be compatible with cosmopolitanism, as it has the potential to strengthen national identity and culture, actively promoting different ways of “being in the world” and respecting them. National identity is strengthened in a globalized world. Cosmopolitanism and cosmopolitan identity will not be an absolute value and a single regulator of social relations, even if the world is formed as a single system by major socioeconomic parameters.Item Народження концепту «Weltanschauung»(ДВНЗ «Київський національний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана», 2016) Попов, Володимир; Popov, Vоlоdimir; Попов, ВладимирThe article analyzes the process of the birth of the concept of "Weltanschauung", which was subsequently translated into most European languages as "Weltanschauung" (world-view, cosmovisin, mirovozzrenie). It should be noted that the idea of defining of philosophy via the concept of Outlook appeared relatively recently, as the concept of worldview. The creation of the concept of "Weltanschauung" was attributed to F. D. E. Schleiermacher, F. W. J. Schelling and A. Humboldt. The real author of the term was Kant. It was first used in his work "Critique of Judgment", which was published in 1790. Kant tries to apply to analysis of the categories of beautiful and sublime methods, categories and approaches developed itself in its "transcendental (or critical) philosophy" in this work. From the empirical criteria of the sublime he goes to a priori principles of reason to analyze the structure of feelings. Looking sublime in a system of other concepts, Kant justifies a systems approach to the categories of aesthetics. The analysis of the sublime, according to I. Kant, requires the separation of the "mathematical sublime and dynamic sublime" depending on the movements of the soul (beautiful keeps her in a state of quiet contemplation). If elevated through the imagination with cognitive ability, it is determined in the object as a mathematical sublime; if the capacity of desire as a dynamic sublime given the mood of the imagination. The mathematical sublime is not to be sought in things and phenomena of nature, but only in our ideas. The 26th paragraph of the "Critique of Judgment" is called "On determining the value of natural things that are needed for the idea of the sublime". This is definitely a big he finds in eternity. Kant’s tumor is "Weltanschauung". There are both the original text and the only Ukrainian translation of B. Gavrichkov, and its three translations into Russian (N. Sokolov, N. Levina and V. Bibihin) in the article. The word "Weltanschauung" was translated as worldview only in the last translation. However, Vladimir Bibihin argues that Kant could not see that "begat" as new word, because he uses "Weltanschauung" in the sense of the old, known since XVII century word "WeltBeschauung", - we argue that it is not so. I. Kant consciously combines two words "Welt"- the world and "Anschauung" — intuition, creating a new concept. It meant the primary intuition of the world, which gives us the opportunity to see his greatness in eternity. In the future it will be understood and other philosophical currents will turn into a standard element of German philosophical dictionary, facing numerous translations into other languages; and will be roughly used by totalitarian propaganda in Nazi and Soviet varieties.Item Проблема вимірювання благополуччя в етичному консеквенціалізмі(ДВНЗ «Київський національний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана», 2016) Маслікова, Ірина; Maslikova, Iryna; Масликова, ИринаThe article deals with the analytical overview of contemporary monistic and pluralistic concepts of well-being. The matter, meaning, and moral importance of well-being are revealed. Representatives of different theories of ethical consequentialism consider well-being, welfare, and the quality of life as satisfaction of desires or preferences, as using of capabilities, achievement of the common good. The problems of measurement of the well-being of individual life, welfare, and the quality of life of nations are cleared up. Variability and “defectiveness” of some goods, mistakenness of some desires, spontaneity, and different characteristic features of individuals make interpersonal comparisons problematic. This paper demonstrates attempts of Desire Satisfaction Theories of Well-being (F. Feldman, J. Griffin, W. Sumner) to overcome these problems. Nevertheless, the fundamental moral and prudential incommensurables of some goods and some values (incomparability, trumping, weighting, discontinuity, pluralism) lead to difficulties in accounting of the common good. These problems lead to difficulties in the implementation of social and cultural policies of the countries. Overcoming these problems is possible in the Objective List Theories of Well- Being, which offer and justify the set of objective values. The special attention is given to Amartya Sen’s and Marta Nussbaum’s Capabilities Approach. The development of capabilities stated by these researchers is aimed to lead to the growth of individual well-being, and to increase the welfare of the country as a whole. Accordingly, the presence or absence of these values is the criterion of general assessment of social institutions, which have to create, support and promote the common good. These values were used as the base indicator for measuring the quality of life by UN experts in assessing the well-being of many countries of world. Thus, it is argued that the pluralistic theories of well-being demonstrate their good theoretical and practical viability.Item Проблема часу в Новій філософії XVI—XVIII ст.(ДВНЗ «Київський національний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана», 2016) Дронь, Соломія; Dron, Solomiia; Дронь, СоломияThe article is devoted to the analyses of conceptions of time in Modern philosophy. Practical importance of temporality as a link between contemplation and action is outlined. The role of time in cognition is defined. In Modern Philosophy of XVI—XVIII centuries problem of temporality is demonstrated in totally different perspective than in ancient and medieval philosophy. Primarily this issue is addressed to the human, the one who is endowed with mind. In this case mind is source of identity formation and characteristic of personality. The question of temporality is inextricably connected with the divine concept of creation and preservation of the world itself. Despite the critics of medieval scholasticism modern philosophers continue to follow this way of thinking, especially in the issue of time. Entirely in the tradition of medieval philosophy they explore time together with the duration and eternity. The main characteristic of time in Modern philosophy is duration, which lies somewhere between eternity, as an attribute of God, and time, as subjective way to measure this duration. Rene Descartes presents duration as a modus of substance. In order of importance it isn’t inferior to existence. The whole created world is finite in duration, everything which is infinite in duration is connected with eternity and has divine attributes of being. Time, for Descartes, is a way to conceive duration. Benedict de Spinoza considers that we cannot associate God with the duration, because thus we separate the essence of its existence, share that cannot be divided. Duration is always composed of parts, which we never find in eternity. We can comprehend eternity only with understanding the divine essence. British empiricists — John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume — analyzed duration as a subjective perception of time. Locke says that ideas of sequence and duration are caused by reflection of internal states of mind. Stream of time arises in inner human world. Berkeley rejects generalizations in time; researching and following Locke he connects the idea of time with the sequence of ideas in mind. Hume also considers that idea of time is connected with sequence of impressions and ideas in the human mind. To get an idea of time, we need sensible perception of changing states of consciousness. The main feature and the essence of time, according to Hume, is that each separated part of time coexists with previous and next. All these indivisible particles are invisible to the perception if not filled with something really existing, what we could perceive sensually.Item Прояв професійних компетентностей викладачів з полярними проявами справедливості в процесі навчальної взаємодії зі студентами(ДВНЗ «Київський національний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана», 2016) Музичко, Людмила Володимирівна; Muzychko, Liudmyla; Музычко, Людмила Владимировна; Гераймович, Людмила Василівна; Heraymovych, Liudmyla; Нілов, Сергій; Nilov, Serhiy; Нилов, Сергей; Северина, Надія; Severyna, Nadiia; Северина, НадеждаThe article represents the results of empirical research of realisation of the different models of high school teachers’ professional competences which reveal opposite exertions of justice in the structure of their own personality in the process of educational interaction. The results of contemporary research prove the existence of interest to the problems of the teacher’s personality, and his professional competencies. Surveys conducted among student youth revealed a list of personality traits of a teacher which are most appreciated. It is important to understand the psychological portray of a ‘perfect’ teacher, whom students would like to see as their partner in educational and professional activities and within business communication outside of the classroom. It is cleared up that the traits which create psychological comfort among students in the educational process are distinguished. This again draws attention to the psychological component of the learning process, in particular to the quality of the pedagogical communication, and reveals the necessity to study the interdependence between the revealed ‘ideal’ personal traits of a teacher plus his level of professionalism and the effectiveness of his mutual educational activity with the students. At this stage of the research we see the feasibility to focus on the peculiarities of this relationship, analyzing the performance of teachers, personality structure of which manifest the notion of ‘justice’ in different ways. As a teacher’s justice gains significant importance in the process of educational interaction with students, the answer on the question of whether this quality determines the manifestation of certain professional competencies remains worth investigating. As a result of the performed research some qualitative discrepancies in the structure of teachers’ professional competencies who are classified by students as just and unjust are revealed.Item Специфіка взаємодії культурних іститутів та проектів у сучасному українському просторі(ДВНЗ «Київський національний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана», 2016) Тормахова, Анастасія; Тоrmakhova, Anastasiya; Тормахова, АнастасияIn today’s sociocultural space a growth in number of different projects and initiatives can be observed. Even cultural institutions that have a long tradition of existence and activity and are usually limited to representation of existing cultural products started coming to the principle of project needs involvement, in order to increase interest from potential consumer audience. The basis for the activities of the cultural projects is organizing of artistic, social, cultural and other events. A variety of cultural projects form the basis of modern multifaceted culture. Specific feature of contemporary cultural sphere is the constant change of the “classical” institutions. All less interesting and profitable activities are traditionally of the responsibility of cultural institutions, the essence of which is exclusively educational purpose, while enhanced entertainment functions. Let us consider the specificity of the interaction between cultural institutions and projects on an example of museum activities. One of the cultural institutions that has a considerable history of its existence is a museum. A completely different target audience, scope, duration of projects is related to diverse museum institutions. Projects can be long-term and short-term, targeted at different audiences (youth, student, child, etc.), disposable, and reusable, and cyclical. But in fact, the foundation of any project must be innovative. Innovation in culture is rather relative concept, because many phenomena appear as innovation in specific historical period or in the area. The existence of cultural projects is due to a number of cultural institutions. A good tradition embodied in the Ukrainian sociocultural space was of the various areas, “free spaces” in the walls of which are filled with a large number of projects, such as the National cultural and art and museum complex “Art Arsenal”. Such an “open” space in which cultural institutions (museums, concert halls, libraries) and cultural projects are united has great potential in the culture that promotes interest to ancient cultural heritage and artistic discoveries of today. With the operation of cultural projects linked to the need for education experts of socio-cultural sphere, which could act managers of such initiatives and included in various commissions of ministries and other cultural institutions. In recent decades, scientific thought can be seen as of growing interest in the practical problems of cultural studies. Although the distinctive feature of contemporary cultural space is a focus on the economic feasibility of the implementation of the reasonableness of any cultural initiatives, in recent years increasing role of cultural projects as a means of strengthening and revival of traditional institutions can be seen. It may be noted that cultural projects are gradually becoming the foundation of the cultural life of Ukrainian society in the beginning of the XXI century.Item Творча діяльність як чинник формування духовності у християн(ДВНЗ «Київський національний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана», 2016) Гудзенко-Александрук, Олена; Hudzenko-Aleksandruk, Olena; Гудзенко-Александрук, ЕленаThe article attempts to analyze the role of creative activity in formation of Christian spirituality. It is pointed out that under present transformations the spiritual problem is actual for both theoretical and practical aspects. Human’s attitude to higher values of life, degree of mastering them is the criteria and indicator of their spirituality (namely humanity and culture). Art is a phenomenon of the culture, where human experience is captured and concentratively expressed. It is noted that the task of art is preservation and updating of artistic and aesthetic consciousness and - as a consequence - rising of personal, individual principle in spiritual and practical understanding of reality. The formation of personality takes place in creative activities. Because the possibilities to be an active personality are revealed in creativity, this personality is able to analyze the problems of the past and present and to help people perceive them adequately. The form of identifying ideal as subjective perception of the artist, the ideal as perfect, - is art image. Ethics of creativity overcomes the negative direction of a spirit, firstly fights with evil and sin, and confirms positive direction of a spirit, the art of valuable content of a life. For Christians the way of creativity is the way of salvation; Gospel commandments are basis of spiritual art. It is emphasized that the sacred problem is determined by absolute axiological dimensions of human existence in the world and is associated with the mythology, religion, beliefs, and institutions of values determined in the context of theological traditions. In particular, sacral feature of sacral music is brightly shown in the symbolism of artistic and religious imagery and scenic diversity. Classical music is entirely based on idealistic, religious outlook, and in its highest examples promotes the development of spiritual potential of listeners. It is noted that a human using creative activity opens a non-material dimension in itself which is strongly associated with high spiritual values. Communication with artworks creates conditions for acquistion of not only art experience, but also the experience of human existence in general.Item Українська національна ідея в контексті науки соціального управління безпеки українського суспільства(ДВНЗ «Київський національний економічний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана», 2016) Гаєвська, Оксана Борисівна; Haievska, Oksana; Гаевская, Оксана БорисовнаThe article proposes a scientifically sustained vision of the Ukrainian national idea from the point of view of social management, which today manifests itself clearly enough in Ukraine, as one of the forms of modern Ukrainians’ self - management. Management activities as a manifestation of management civilization of Ukrainians are viewed as the main condition and organizational development tool by which this development can be achieved. Besides, in management, especially in its professional form there appears an organizational level of society, its individual structures (substructures). In this context, the political objectives and mission of Ukrainian political managerial professionalism is quite obvious, as only the nation’s intelligence multiplied by professionalism, especially in the current environment is a major factor in the successful movement towards a new social system and correct understanding of the movement vector. Therefore, the organization, mainly, political, use the Ukrainian society, its capacity to implement national organizational ideas are the most important objectives of the Ukrainian state. Establishing the truth, correctness of practical steps, especially in politics during the processes of forming the Ukrainian national organizational ideas are supposed to be significantly subject to scientific and political justification. Any attempt to neglect this approach is viewed as an attack on the universal truth that underlies the exclusive human capacity for scientific work and it eliminates any activity’s fundamental errors, making it effective. Ukraine undoubtedly has and significantly implements the national idea, including organizational development which should be formed to develop management (organizational) culture, people’s organizational thinking skills, which are a determining factor in the development of governance forms that are inherent to modern civilization management. The Ukraine’s national idea considerably contributes to forming their combination of national factors of organizational development of the Ukrainian political nation, the right understanding of its potential among other national entities.Item Універсалізм чи протистояння цивілізацій: Ф. Фукуяма vs С. Гантінгтон(ДВНЗ «Київський національний економічний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана», 2016) Медвецький, Іван Андрійович; Medvetskyi, Ivan; Медвецкий, Иван АндреевичМетою статті є порівняльна характеристика концепцій «Кінця історії» Френсіса Фукуями та «Зіткнення цивілізацій» Самуеля Гантінгтона і їх реалістичності в сучасних умовах. Основою для представленого дослідження є праці Френсіса Фукуями та Самуеля Гантінгтона. При проведенні дослідження автором були поставлені такі завдання: (1) розглянути та дослідити першоджерела ― праці Ф. Фукуями «Кінець історії і остання людина» та С. Гангтінгтона «Зіткнення цивілізацій і зміна світового порядку»; (2) проаналізувати еволюцію їх поглядів; (3) дослідити погляди критиків зазначених концепцій; (4) порівняти концепції між собою та їх практичну реалізацію з моменту виникнення і до нашого часу; (5) визначити реалістичність і реалізацію кожної з цих теорій / концепцій у сучасних умовах.Item Ідея соціотворення В. Винниченка в колі антропологічних питань(ДВНЗ «Київський національний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана», 2016) Вільчинська, Світлана; Vilchynska, Svitlana; Вильчинская, СветланаThe construction of the anthropological paradigm of philosophy have been examined in this article. The anthropological matter of the Wynnychenko’s idea of social creation have been analysed. The author attaches particular importance to concordism as anthropological principle, defends the idea of supplementarity and integrated approach to the decision of problems. Main attention of the article is given to the description of specific features of the matter of the anthropological paradigm of Ukrainian philosophy. The conclusion is made that concept of totality, a complex approach, problems of social (cultural) anthropology are bases of formation anthropological paradigm of Ukrainian philosophy. The reasons of this tendency have been revealed. The status of the Ukrainian anthropology as a complex field of knowledge on Human being is substantiated. Some prerequisites for formation of the Ukrainian anthropology as a scientific discipline are considered. It is a field of the anthropological science investigating theoretical problems of unity and variety of forms of Human being existence in the world, and generic properties arising and changing during its evolution. The problem of real goals of the society and the ones of local communities is posed.