Системні засади національної безпеки України
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Date
2018
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Національний університет «Юридична академія України імені Ярослава Мудрого»
Abstract
Досліджуються базові системні утворення у сфері національної безпеки і оборони – система національної безпеки та система забезпечення національної безпеки. Визначаються їх взаємна субординація, суб’єктна та об’єктна складові, соціально-політична роль. Указується на складний характер становлення обох систем, недостатнє розуміння політичними лідерами та громадянами їх структури та призначення.
Problem setting. National Security of Ukraine as a state of protection of the vital interests
of man, society and the state is based on two main systems – the national security
system it self and the system of ensuring national security. At the same time, the majority
of Ukrainian citizens have insufficient knowledge about the systemic principles of national
security. This has negative consequences for practical activities on ensuring the
national security of Ukraine. Further scientific research in this area and their bringing to
the general public of specialists involved in the sphere of national security will become
necessary.
Recent research and publications analysis. The issues of the national security of
Ukraine (including the systemic principles of its provision) have been raised in the writings
of numerous authors. Among them, in particular, are V. Gorbulin, O. Vlаsyuk, V. Gorovenko,
О. Dzoban, B. Parаhonsky, G. Sytnik, M. Trebin. The specialists of the National
Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine (Y. Melnyk, V. Abramov,
S. Borisyevich, A. Datsyuk, V. Kyrylenko, V. Mandragelia, R. Marutyan, etc.) work fruitfully
in this area. At the same time, an urgent need is an increase in author’s teams that
are concerned with the national security of Ukraine in terms of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine and the transformation of national security in the key factor of Ukraine’s state
survival.
Paper objective. To reveal the essence, structure, target direction of the national security
system and the system of ensuring national security. Determine the socio-political
subordination of these systems. Determine the subjects of national security, which are part
of both systems. Determine the normative and legal support of the activities on ensuring
the national security of Ukraine.
Paper main body. The study of the national security sphere of any country requires
the use of methodological tools, built on the basis of systematic analysis of complex social
processes. Below we will discuss two key systems directly involved in securing society,
the state, the citizen: a) the national security system and b) the system of ensuring national
security. The national security system is an open, dynamic social system, the main
purpose of which is to create conditions for the realization of national interests, to ensure
the integrity of society and the state. Its constituent elements are the nation, national
interests, national values, activities for their protection, national security as a state of
protection of national interests, as well as the challenges, threats and dangers of destructive
influence.
The activities of society, state, citizens in protecting (defending, promoting) national
interests takes place in various spheres, the total number of which depends on the specific
historical conditions of the country’s development, the format of the challenges and
dangers facing it, the experience of security activities, etc. In the Ukrainian legislation,
the areas of ensuring national security recognized internal political, foreign policy, military,
social, humanitarian, economic, scientific and technological, informational, environmental,
as well as the areas of state security, civil protection of the population, security of
the state border. Thus, Ukraine’s national security is the protection of state sovereignty,
territorial integrity, democratic constitutional order and other national interests of Ukraine
from real and potential threats.
Depending on the tasks that need to be resolved in the process of securing national
security, a formal part of the national security and the national security system (public
authorities, security forces, etc.) and an informal part (civil society institutions, citizens,
mass media, etc.) can be singled out.
Depending on the subject of national security, which plays a leading role in the
analysis of national security factors and when adopting the appropriate management
decision, one can consider the national, state and public subsystems of the national security
and the national security system, which mutually complement and control in a certain
way one another.
Under the system of ensuring the national security of Ukraine in the broad sense, one
should understand a set of theoretical and methodological, regulatory, informational and
analytical, organizational and managerial, intelligence, counterintelligence, operational
search, personnel, scientific and technical, resource and other measures aimed at minimization
threats and dangers, guaranteeing the development of national interests, spiritual
and material well-being of the people of Ukraine and the effective functioning of the system
of national security of Ukraine.
The main purpose of the system of ensuring the national security of Ukraine is to
achieve the goals of national security. The main function of this system is to ensure balanced
coexistence of the interests of the individual, society and the state through monitoring,
diagnosis, detection and identification, prevention and termination, minimization and
neutralization of the internal and external threats and threats.
The subjects of ensuring the national security of Ukraine are the President of Ukraine,
the Parliament of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the National Security and
Defense Council of Ukraine, ministries and other central executive authorities, the National
Bank of Ukraine, courts of general jurisdiction, the Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine,
the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, local state administrations and local
self-government bodies, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the
External Intelligence Service of Ukraine, the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and
other officers formations formed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine; bodies and units
of civil protection, as well as citizens of Ukraine, associations of citizens. These bodies
are part of both systems.
In this regard, with regard to the power structures of the state used the term «military
organization of the state», which in modern terms changed to the security and defense
sector. March 14, 2016, the Decree of the President of Ukraine approved the Concept of
Development of the Security and Defense Sector of Ukraine. Another public-management
innovation is the proposal to periodically conduct a comprehensive review of the security
and defense sector.
Case for the implementation of the decisions. Success depends on the activity and
purpose of the state and society during the practical implementation of security-defense
strategies and programs.
Conclusions of the research. The system of national security in Ukraine demonstrates
the wide-ranging causal relationships between the nation and the need to secure its security
in a modern globalized world that continuously generates diverse challenges, threats
and dangers. This system, based on national interests and values, is a more complex entity
than a system of ensuring national security. This explains the complexity of the reflection
of the systemic principles of the national security of Ukraine from the side of not only
the general population, but also the existing politics.
Both systems are in a state of dynamic development. They did not acquire the final
forms. This could not have happened due to the complexity of the processes of nationbuilding
in modern Ukraine, the lack of certainty of national interests, the superficial
nature of their legal consolidation, and the lack of experience (traditions) of ensuring the
national security of independent Ukraine.
Legislation on national security and defense of Ukraine is gaining more and more
Western character. An indication of this is the active use of the term «security and defense
sector» instead of the «military organization of the state».
Исследуются базовые системные образования в сфере национальной безопасности и обороны – система национальной безопасности и система обеспечения
национальной безопасности. Определяются их взаимная субординация, субъектная
и объектная составляющие, социально-политическая роль. Указывается на сложный характер становления обеих систем, недостаточное понимание политическими лидерами и гражданами их структуры и назначения.
Description
Keywords
нація, національні інтереси, національні цінності, національна безпека, система національної безпеки, система забезпечення національної безпеки, виклики, загрози, небезпеки, ризики, nation, national interests, national values, national security, system of national security, system of ensuring national security, challenges, threats, dangers, risks, нация, национальные интересы, национальные ценности, национальная безопасность, система национальной безопасности, система обеспечения национальной безопасности, вызовы, угрозы, опасности, риски
Citation
Смолянюк В. Ф. Системні засади національної безпеки України / Смолянюк Володимир Федорович // Вісник Національного університету «Юридична академія України імені Ярослава Мудрого». Серія: Політологія : зб. наук. пр. / Нац. юрид. ун-т ім. Я. Мудрого ; [редкол.: А. П. Гетьман та ін]. – Харків, 2018. – Т. 2, № 37. – С. 107–126.