Кредитування інноваційних проектів

Abstract

Дисертацію присвячено вирішенню теоретичних і прикладних аспектів розвитку кредитування інноваційних проектів в сучасних умовах. Удосконалено понятійно-категоріальний апарат кредитування та реалізації інноваційних проектів з урахуванням положень класичної політичної економії, а також сучасних наукових розробок. Визначено роль кредиту, як форми фінансового забезпечення процесу реалізації інноваційних проектів. Обґрунтовано основні види інвестиційного кредиту для використання на окремих етапах реалізації інноваційного проекту. Досліджено фінансове забезпечення інноваційних проектів в економіці України. Визначено особливості банківського кредитування інноваційних проектів, як пріоритетного джерела фінансових ресурсів національної економіки. Досліджено основні тенденції використання міжнародного кредитування інноваційних проектів. Обґрунтовано перспективи та розроблено пропозиції з метою підвищення ефективності кредитування інноваційних проектів. Запропоновано способи мінімізації ризиків кредитування інноваційних проектів. Ключові слова: кредитування інноваційних проектів, форми та види кредиту, інноваційний проект, перспективи кредитування інноваційних проектів, ризики кредитування інноваційних проектів, ефективність кредитування інноваційних проектів.

The theses are dedicated to the solution of the theoretical and practical aspects of crediting of innovative projects nowadays. It is connected with the necessity of innovative projects' realization for further development of modern society. It is important to ensure the sufficient volume of finance resources at each stage of the above mentioned process. Particularly, the researches of crediting of innovative projects are topical. The theoretical backgrounds of innovative projects' crediting are studied in the theoretical chapter of the dissertation. The essence of credit and its role as the form of the financing of innovative projects are determined. The innovative project is represented as the object of crediting. The innovative projects are divided into groups according to the size of their budgets and the openness of innovative projects. The peculiarities of investment crediting of innovative projects are studied. The analysis of crediting the innovative projects is made in the analytical chapter of the dissertation. In particular, the main conditions of innovative project crediting for the national economy are separated according to the conditions of innovative project crediting by foreign financial institutions abroad and some experience of national banks. In particular, it is the long terms of business activity, experience of the cooperation with the bank, the positive performance of the entity and the presence of the own funds of the entity for innovative projects' financing. The indicators, that allow the generation of results of innovative projects' crediting, are developed and calculated for the economy of Ukraine. The credits' factor of innovative development characterizes the growth of innovative activity for the one percent of the credit that is involved. The innovative factor of the credit shows the credits' growth for the one percent of the indicator of innovative activities growth. The above mentioned factors of the national economy aren't high, but there is the trend of their stabilization. The attention is paid to the state and international crediting of innovative projects. The perspectives of innovative projects' crediting are studied in the constructive chapter of the dissertation. In particular, it is important to improve the crediting of innovative projects. The tasks at the each stage of the innovative process are studied. The assumptions are made about the possibilities and means to solve the problems at the each stage of innovative projects' crediting. It is developed the plan of improving the state non banking financing institutions. The main directions of minimization of the risks of innovative projects' crediting and ways of the growth of effectiveness of innovative projects' crediting are studied. Some conclusions are made as the results of the research. In particular, the system of indicators, which contributes to the estimation of results of innovative projects’ crediting, is developed and used. It becomes possible to compare the trends of innovative activity and crediting. Besides the above mentioned trends and the main kinds of the credit and their influence at the innovative projects are studied. The researches of sources, instruments and leverages of innovative projects' financing are improved. The interpretation of crediting of innovative projects as the form of financial maintenance of innovative project is made. It allows to give financial resources for some period of time and for some payment. The goal of usage of such kind of credit is creation the scientific and technical projects, new technologies or production of innovative products. The priorities of innovative projects' crediting by the state are studied. It contributes the rationalization of the choice of the sources of state crediting of innovative projects. The researche of conditions for international crediting of innovative projects are improved. There are some researches and conclusions, which are further developed in the dissertation. It is possible to speak about the improved classifications of kinds of the credit. Among them we can name the classifications according the kind of object of crediting and economic assignment of the credit. The kinds of investment credit are defined depending on the origin of financial resources. The researches of main conditions of innovative projects' crediting are further developed. The conclusions about the main approaches to estimation of the risks and effectiveness of innovative projects' crediting are made. It becomes possible to represent the ways of minimization of risks and growth of effectiveness of innovative projects' crediting.